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In 1983, the Central Intelligence Agency released two manuals to the Nicaraguan Contra rebels. The first, The Freedom Fighter's Manual, was airdropped to rebels over known Contra camps. This 15-page manual was illustrated with captions to educate the mostly illiterate Contras on how to cause civil disruptions for the Sandinista government.
Eugene Hasenfus was born on January 22, 1941. In 1986, he lived in Marinette, Wisconsin. [2] [3] The U.S. Army described him as having joined the Marine Corps in May 1960 and having spent five years in the Corps before receiving an honorable discharge. [1]
HPF821 was operated by Corporate Air Services, a front for Southern Air Transport, the registered owner of the aircraft. [3] Some of the pilots and crew involved with the Contra supply flights, including Eugene Hasenfus, had been involved in the CIA's aerial supply activities during the Vietnam War, using Air America, Southern Air Transport, and other CIA proprietary airlines.
The Central Intelligence Agency Office of the Inspector General report on the claims made in the Dark Alliance newspaper series, released in two volumes, volume 1 on January 29, 1998, and volume 2 on October 8, 1998. Schou, Nick (2006). Kill the messenger: how the CIA's crack-cocaine controversy destroyed journalist Gary Webb. Nation Books.
Front cover of the manual. The Freedom Fighter's Manual is a fifteen-page propaganda booklet that was manufactured by the United States Central Intelligence Agency and airdropped over Nicaragua in 1983, with the stated goal of providing a "Practical guide to liberating Nicaragua from oppression and misery by paralyzing the military-industrial complex of the traitorous marxist state".
By 1986 the contras were besieged by charges of corruption, human-rights abuses, and military ineptitude. [104] A much-vaunted early 1986 offensive never materialized, and Contra forces were largely reduced to isolated acts of terrorism. [6] In October 1987, however, the contras staged a successful attack in southern Nicaragua. [105]
It occurred during a press conference convened and conducted by Edén Pastora, who at the time was the leader of a Contra guerrilla group fighting against the ruling Sandinista regime in Nicaragua. Pastora, the presumed target of the attack, survived the bombing, but seven other people were killed, including three journalists, and several ...
The Republic of Nicaragua v. The United States of America (1986) [2] was a case where the International Court of Justice (ICJ) held that the U.S. had violated international law by supporting the Contras in their rebellion against the Sandinistas and by mining Nicaragua's harbors.