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However, pentamidine is suspected to work through various methods of interference of critical functions in DNA, RNA, phospholipid and protein synthesis. [ 8 ] [ 18 ] Pentamidine binds to adenine - thymine -rich regions of the Trypanosoma parasite DNA, forming a cross-link between two adenines four to five base pairs apart.
The immune system is involved in many aspects of physiological regulation in the body. The immune system interacts intimately with other systems, such as the endocrine [83] [84] and the nervous [85] [86] [87] systems. The immune system also plays a crucial role in embryogenesis (development of the embryo), as well as in tissue repair and ...
This antigen presentation pathway enables the immune system to detect transformed or infected cells displaying peptides from modified-self (mutated) or foreign proteins. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In the presentation process, these proteins are mainly degraded into small peptides by cytosolic proteases in the proteasome , but there are also other cytoplasmic ...
The innate immune system is always present at the site of infection and ready to fight the bacteria; it can also be referred to as the "natural" immune system. The cells of the innate immune system do not have specific responses and respond to each foreign invader using the same mechanism. [1]
Other cells in the respiratory tract also produce superoxide and hydrogen peroxide through the activity of dual oxidase 2 proteins, also known as Duox2. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The superoxide generated by these enzymes complexes dismutates into hydrogen peroxide which in turn is used by myeloperoxidase to produce bactericidal hypochlorous acid . [ 8 ]
According to Kukushkin, the memories stored in non-brain cells in other parts of the body are memories strictly related to the roles that those specific cells play in human health. Thus, he detailed:
They regulate your metabolism, which refers to how well your cells, tissues, organs, and bodily systems do their job, including managing a healthy inflammatory response, cell-to-cell communication ...
Each antibody binds to a specific antigen in a highly specific interaction analogous to a lock and key.. An antibody (Ab) or immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y-shaped protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses, including those that cause disease.
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