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  2. Defection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defection

    In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state in exchange for allegiance to another, changing sides in a way which is considered illegitimate by the first state. [1] More broadly, defection involves abandoning a person, cause, or doctrine to which one is bound by some tie, as of allegiance or duty. [2] [3]

  3. Aaya Ram Gaya Ram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaya_Ram_Gaya_Ram

    Defection is defined as either voluntarily giving up the membership of his party or disobeying (abstaining or voting against) the directives (political whip) of the party leadership on a vote in legislature. Legislators can change their party without the risk of disqualification to merge with or into another party provided that at least two ...

  4. Anti-defection law (India) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-defection_law_(India)

    Paragraph-4: Disqualification on ground of defection not to apply in case of merger. This paragraph excludes from disqualification in the case of mergers of political parties. Provided if the said merger is with two-thirds of the members of the legislative party who have consented to merge with another political party.

  5. Electoral reform in India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_reform_in_India

    The Anti-Defection Law was passed in 1985 through the 52nd Amendment to the Constitution. The main intent of the law was to combat “the evil of political defections” by elected politicians for the lure of office.It mainly focus on crime background of any political leader before registering his/her name for election.

  6. Talented tenth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talented_tenth

    The talented tenth is a term that designated a leadership class of African Americans in the early 20th century. Although the term was created by white Northern philanthropists, it is primarily associated with W. E. B. Du Bois, who used it as the title of an influential essay, published in 1903.

  7. 2015–2016 Arunachal Pradesh political crisis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015–2016_Arunachal...

    Starting April 2015, the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh underwent a political crisis. The Indian National Congress party in the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly was divided between supporters of the serving Chief Minister Nabam Tuki and supporters of Kalikho Pul .

  8. Political rehabilitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_rehabilitation

    Political rehabilitation is the process by which a disgraced member of a political party or a government is restored to public respectability and thus political acceptability. The term is usually applied to leaders or other prominent individuals who regain their prominence after a period in which they have no influence or standing, including ...

  9. List of Soviet and Eastern Bloc defectors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Soviet_and_Eastern...

    Spied for the U.S. for three years before defection. His wife in Moscow died two months after his defection, purportedly of suicide. Kirill Kondrashin: Conductor: Russia: 1978: Defected in December 1978 while touring in the Netherlands and sought political asylum there Ion Mihai Pacepa: Securitate agent: Romania: 1978