Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study", respectively [1]), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. [2]
In cryptography, confusion and diffusion are two properties of a secure cipher identified by Claude Shannon in his 1945 classified report A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography. [1] These properties, when present, work together to thwart the application of statistics, and other methods of cryptanalysis. Confusion in a symmetric cipher is ...
In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), originally called Improved Proposed Encryption Standard (IPES), is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described in 1991. The algorithm was intended as a replacement for the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
In cryptography, security level is a measure of the strength that a cryptographic primitive — such as a cipher or hash function — achieves. Security level is usually expressed as a number of "bits of security" (also security strength), [1] where n-bit security means that the attacker would have to perform 2 n operations to break it, [2] but other methods have been proposed that more ...
A cryptosystem is considered to have information-theoretic security (also called unconditional security[1]) if the system is secure against adversaries with unlimited computing resources and time. In contrast, a system which depends on the computational cost of cryptanalysis to be secure (and thus can be broken by an attack with unlimited ...
t. e. A cryptographic hash function (CHF) is a hash algorithm (a map of an arbitrary binary string to a binary string with a fixed size of bits) that has special properties desirable for a cryptographic application: [1] the probability of a particular. n {\displaystyle n} -bit output result (hash value) for a random input string ("message") is.
United States. "Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems" is a paper published in 1949 by Claude Shannon discussing cryptography from the viewpoint of information theory. [1] It is one of the foundational treatments (arguably the foundational treatment) of modern cryptography. [2] His work has been described as a "turning point, and marked the ...
Johannes Trithemius ' Polygraphiae (1518) is the first printed book on cryptology. Books on cryptography have been published sporadically and with highly variable quality for a long time. This is despite the tempting, though superficial, paradox that secrecy is of the essence in sending confidential messages – see Kerckhoffs' principle .