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Terpenes (/ ˈtɜːrpiːn /) are a class of natural products consisting of compounds with the formula (C 5 H 8) n for n ≥ 2. Terpenes are major biosynthetic building blocks. Comprising more than 30,000 compounds, these unsaturated hydrocarbons are produced predominantly by plants, particularly conifers. [1][2][3] In plants, terpenes and ...
Vegetable oils are made from polyunsaturated fatty acids (having more than one carbon-carbon double bond). Hydrogenation eliminates some of these double bonds. [28] Partial hydrogenation of a typical plant oil to a typical component of margarine. Most of the C=C double bonds are removed in this process, which elevates the melting point of the ...
Alkene. In organic chemistry, an alkene, or olefin, is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon –carbon double bond. [1] The double bond may be internal or in the terminal position. Terminal alkenes are also known as α-olefins. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends using the name "alkene" only for acyclic ...
The ring group projecting to the right, an alkylidene, contains a metal-carbon double bond to ruthenium. Early examples of organic reactions and applications were often found because of a combination of luck and preparation for unexpected observations. The latter half of the 19th century however witnessed systematic studies of organic compounds.
Plants and cyanobacteria however utilize four enzymes for this process. [43] The first of these enzymes is a plant-type phytoene desaturase which introduces two additional double bonds into 15-cis-phytoene by dehydrogenation and isomerizes two of its existing double bonds from trans to cis producing 9,15,9’-tri-cis-ζ-carotene.
Flavonoid. Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids; from the Latin word flavus, meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants, and thus commonly consumed in the diets of humans. [1] Chemically, flavonoids have the general structure of a 15-carbon skeleton, which consists of two phenyl rings (A and ...
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain. It is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Its chemical formula is CH 3 (CH 2 ) 14 COOH , and its C:D ratio (the total number of carbon atoms to the number of carbon-carbon double bonds) is 16:0.
The double bond is designated by the lower-numbered carbon atom, i.e. "Δ 4-" or "4-ene" means the double bond between positions 4 and 5. The saturation of carbons of a parent steroid can be done by adding "dihydro-" prefix, [ 24 ] i.e., a saturation of carbons 4 and 5 of testosterone with two hydrogen atoms is 4,5α-dihydrotestosterone or 4 ...