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The hexaxial reference system is a diagram that is used to determine the heart's electrical axis in the frontal plane.. In electrocardiography, left axis deviation (LAD) is a condition wherein the mean electrical axis of ventricular contraction of the heart lies in a frontal plane direction between −30° and −90°.
Left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) is an abnormal condition of the left ventricle of the heart, [1] [2] related to, but distinguished from, left bundle branch block (LBBB). It is caused by only the left anterior fascicle – one half of the left bundle branch being defective. It is manifested on the ECG by left axis deviation.
Left ventricular mass can be further estimated based on geometric assumptions of ventricular shape using the measured wall thickness and internal diameter. [7] Average thickness of the left ventricle, with numbers given as 95% prediction interval for the short axis images at the mid-cavity level are: [8] Women: 4 – 8 mm; Men: 5 – 9 mm
Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is a conduction abnormality in the heart that can be seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG). [1] In this condition, activation of the left ventricle of the heart is delayed, which causes the left ventricle to contract later than the right ventricle .
On ECG a left axis deviation is generally found in ostium primum ASD, but an RSR pattern (M pattern) in V1 is characteristic. Fixed splitting of the second heart sound (S2) occurs because of equal filling of the left and right atria during all phases of the respiratory cycle. [citation needed] ECG of a patient with Ostium primum ASD
Intraventricular conduction delay seen in precordial/chest leads with QRS duration 100 ms. An EKG of a 25-year-old male. Intraventricular conduction delays (IVCD) are conduction disorders seen in intraventricular propagation of supraventricular impulses resulting in changes in the QRS complex duration or morphology, or both.
The ECG should be done as early as practicable, including in the ambulance if possible. [18] ECG changes indicating acute heart damage include: ST elevation, new left bundle branch block and ST depression amongst others. The absence of ECG changes does not immediately distinguish between unstable angina and NSTEMI. [6]
When left bundle-branch block (LBBB) is accompanied by right axis deviation (RAD), the rare combination is considered to be highly suggestive of dilated or congestive cardiomyopathy. [29] [30] Echocardiogram shows left ventricular dilatation with normal or thinned walls and reduced ejection fraction.