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Lean thinking was born out of studying the rise of Toyota Motor Company from a bankrupt Japanese automaker in the early 1950s to today's dominant global player. [4] At every stage of its expansion, Toyota remained a puzzle by capturing new markets with products deemed relatively unattractive and with systematically lower costs while not following any of the usual management dictates.
Lean management is nowadays implemented also in non-manufacturing processes and administrative processes. In non-manufacturing processes is still huge potential for optimization and efficiency increase. [75] Some people have advocated using STEM resources to teach children Lean thinking instead of computer science. [76]
Lean enterprise is a practice focused on value creation for the end customer with minimal waste and processes. [4] The term has historically been associated with lean manufacturing and Six Sigma (or Lean Six Sigma) due to lean principles being popularized by Toyota in the automobile manufacturing industry and subsequently the electronics and internet software industries.
Lean thinking, a business methodology adopted in various fields; Lean construction, an adaptation of lean manufacturing principles to the design and construction process; Lean government, application of lean thinking to government; Lean higher education, application of lean manufacturing principles in Higher Education
Lean project management is the application of lean concepts such as lean construction, lean manufacturing and lean thinking to project management. [1] [2]Lean project management has many ideas in common with other lean concepts; however, the main principle of lean project management is delivering more value [3] with less waste in a project context.
Lean startup is a methodology for developing businesses and products that aims to shorten product development cycles and rapidly discover if a proposed business model is viable; this is achieved by adopting a combination of business-hypothesis-driven experimentation, iterative product releases, and validated learning.
Lean IT is the extension of lean manufacturing and lean services principles to the development and management of information technology (IT) products and services. Its central concern, applied in the context of IT, is the elimination of waste, where waste is work that adds no value to a product or service.
Lean thinking has to be understood well by all members of a project, before implementing in a concrete, real-life situation. "Think big, act small, fail fast; learn rapidly" [ 8 ] – these slogans summarize the importance of understanding the field and the suitability of implementing lean principles along the whole software development process.