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Vancomycin is usually given intravenously, as an infusion, and can cause tissue necrosis and phlebitis at the injection site if given too rapidly. Pain at the site of injection is indeed a common adverse event. One of the side effects is red man syndrome, an idiosyncratic reaction to bolus caused by histamine release.
prednisolone – glucocorticoid (steroid) used in the management of inflammation and auto-immune disease, primarily in cats; prednisone – glucocorticoid (steroid) used in the management of inflammation and auto immune disease; pregabalin – neuropathic pain reliever and anti-convulsant; propofol – short acting intravenous drug used to ...
Vancomycin is recommended to be administered in a dilute solution slowly, over at least 60 min (maximum rate of 10 mg/min for doses >500 mg) [21] due to the high incidence of pain and thrombophlebitis and to avoid an infusion reaction known as vancomycin flushing reaction. This phenomenon has been often clinically referred to as "red man syndrome".
Grapiprant has also been tested in humans, [5] and was researched to be used as pain control for inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. Grapiprant is widely accepted in veterinary medicine due to its specific and targeted approach to pain management in dogs.
Some believe that maropitant can be used in rabbits and guinea pigs to relieve pain caused by ileus (impaired bowel movements), though it lacks antiemetic effects in rabbits, who cannot vomit. [20] Maropitant is given orally, subcutaneously, and intravenously. [5]
The oral route is limited to formulations containing small molecules only while biopharmaceuticals (usually proteins) would be digested in the stomach and thereby become ineffective. Biopharmaceuticals have to be given by injection or infusion. However, recent research found various ways to improve oral bioavailability of these drugs.
Although dog treats carry high benefits for dogs' teeth, they can also be a source of problems like obesity when given excessively, especially human table scraps. The type of food given directly affects the tendency of a dog to become overweight. Table scraps, treats, and even premium high-energy dog foods can contribute to obesity. [68]
Butorphanol is used for sedation and mild to moderate pain control in dogs and cats. It is not considered adequate pain control in dogs undergoing surgical pain. It is used for operative and accident-related pain in small mammals such as dogs, cats, ferrets, coatis, raccoons, mongooses, various marsupials, some rodents and perhaps some larger ...
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