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Promoter activity of the P-RM and P-R promoters vs RNA polymerase concentration in the enterobacteriophage lambda [1]. Promoter activity is a term that encompasses several meanings around the process of gene expression from regulatory sequences —promoters [2] and enhancers. [3]
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein ( mRNA ), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA .
The CAG promoter is a strong synthetic promoter frequently used to drive high levels of gene expression in mammalian expression vectors. [1] [2] CAG promoter was constructed in the lab of Dr Jun-ichi Miyazaki [3] [4] from the following sequences: (C) the cytomegalovirus (CMV) early enhancer element,
The +1 and -3 positions have been identified as the most critical for transcription efficiency and Inr function. [6] A replacement of the Adenosine nucleotide at the +1 to G or T changes transcription activity by 10% and a replacement of Thymine at the +3 position changes transcription activity levels by 22%. [8]
In molecular biology, a CCAAT box (also sometimes abbreviated a CAAT box or CAT box) is a distinct pattern of nucleotides with GGCCAATCT consensus sequence that occur upstream by 60–100 bases to the initial transcription site.
Transcription preinitiation complex, represented by the central cluster of proteins, causes RNA polymerase to bind to target DNA site. The PIC is able to bind both the promoter sequence near the gene to be transcribed and an enhancer sequence in a different part of the genome, allowing enhancer sequences to regulate a gene distant from it.
Further research at the late stage of thymocyte development reveals that distal Lck promoter with driven Cre will result in the distal lck gene promoter to drive Cre expression to be limited within innate-like T cells. There is a cell type specific function in innate-like T cells based on the distal lck promoter - driven Cre. [3]
CREB-TF (CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein) [1] is a cellular transcription factor. It binds to certain DNA sequences called cAMP response elements (CRE), thereby increasing or decreasing the transcription of the genes. [2] CREB was first described in 1987 as a cAMP-responsive transcription factor regulating the somatostatin gene. [3]