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A drug-eluting stent (DES) is a small mesh tube that is placed in the arteries to keep them open in the treatment of vascular disease.The stent slowly releases a drug to block cell proliferation (a biological process of cell growth and division), thus preventing the arterial narrowing that can occur after stent implantation.
The drugs are thrombolytics and fibrinolytics used in a process called thrombolysis. Surgeries performed may be minimally-invasive endovascular procedures such as a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which involves coronary angioplasty. The angioplasty uses the insertion of a balloon and/or stents to open up the artery. [1]
Fluoroscopic image of self-expandable metallic stent in the esophagus. The black solid structure is the endoscope used to place the stent. Self-expandable metallic stents are typically inserted at the time of endoscopy, usually with assistance with fluoroscopy or x-ray images taken to guide placement. Prior to the development of SEMS small ...
An anti-rejection-type medication, sirolimus, helps to limit the overgrowth of normal cells while the artery heals which reduces the chance of re-blockage in the treated area known as restenosis, and reduces the chances that another procedure is required. [1] [2] The Cypher stent was approved for use by the FDA in 2003. [2]
The shunt is completed by placing a special mesh tube known as a stent or endograft to maintain the tract between the higher-pressure portal vein and the lower-pressure hepatic vein. After the procedure, fluoroscopic images are made to show placement. Pressure in the portal vein and inferior vena cava are often measured. [citation needed]
A dual therapy stent is a coronary artery stent that combines the technology of an antibody-coated stent and a drug-eluting stent. [1] Currently, second-generation drug-eluting stents require long-term use of dual-antiplatelet therapy , which increases the risk of major bleeding occurrences in patients. [ 2 ]
Restenosis rates of drug-eluting stents appear to be significantly lower than bare-metal stents, and research is underway to determine if drug-coated balloons also improve restenosis outcomes. Restenosis is the recurrence of stenosis , a narrowing of a blood vessel , leading to restricted blood flow.
Narrowed areas may be bridged by a stent, a hollow tube that keeps the duct open. Removable plastic stents are used in uncomplicated gallstone disease, while permanent self-expanding metal stents with a longer lifespan are used if the obstruction is due to pressure from a tumor such as pancreatic cancer. A nasobiliary drain may be left behind ...