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Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a term used for a group of pregnancy-related tumours. [1] These tumours are rare, and they appear when cells in the womb start to proliferate uncontrollably. The cells that form gestational trophoblastic tumours are called trophoblasts and come from tissue that grows to form the placenta during pregnancy.
[1] [2] On ultrasound and MRI, theca lutein cysts appear in multiples on ovaries that are enlarged. [3] Theca lutein cysts are associated with gestational trophoblastic disease (molar pregnancy), choriocarcinomas, and multiple gestations. [4] [5] In some cases, these cysts may also be associated with diabetes mellitus and alloimmunisation to Rh-D.
Gestational choriocarcinoma is a form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, which is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), that can occur during pregnancy. It is a rare disease where the trophoblast , a layer of cells surrounding the blastocyst , undergoes abnormal developments, leading to trophoblastic tumors .
Women who have had a prior partial or complete mole have a slightly increased risk of a second hydatidiform mole in a subsequent pregnancy, meaning a future pregnancy will require an earlier ultrasound scan. [21] In 10 to 15% of cases, hydatidiform moles may develop into invasive moles. This condition is named persistent trophoblastic disease (PTD
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is group of rare diseases related to pregnancy and included in gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) in which abnormal trophoblast cells grow in the uterus. [1] GTN can be classified into benign and malignant lesions.
Other causes include implantation bleeding, gestational trophoblastic disease, polyps, and cervical cancer. [1] [2] Tests to determine the underlying cause usually include a speculum examination, ultrasound, and hCG. [1] Treatment depends on the underlying cause. [1] If tissue is seen at the cervical opening it should be removed. [1]
Choriocarcinoma is a malignant, trophoblastic [1] cancer, usually of the placenta. It is characterized by early hematogenous spread to the lungs. It belongs to the malignant end of the spectrum in gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). It is also classified as a germ cell tumor and may arise in the testis or ovary.
The differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma, gestational trophoblastic disease, and exaggerated placental site. Prognosis PSN are benign. ...