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  2. Sulfate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate

    This is a common laboratory test to determine if sulfate anions are present. The sulfate ion can act as a ligand attaching either by one oxygen (monodentate) or by two oxygens as either a chelate or a bridge. [7] An example is the complex Co 2 (SO 4)] + Br − [7] or the neutral metal complex PtSO 4 (PPh 3) 2] where the sulfate ion is acting as ...

  3. Sulfate attack in concrete and mortar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate_attack_in_concrete...

    4 ions to precipitate CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O . A fraction of SO 2− 4 ions can also be trapped, or sorbed, into the layered structure of C-S-H. [3] These successive reactions lead to the precipitation of expansive mineral phases inside the concrete porosity responsible for the concrete degradation, cracks and ultimately the failure of the structure.

  4. Salt (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)

    For example, FeSO 4 is named iron(2+) sulfate (with the 2+ charge on the Fe 2+ ions balancing the 2− charge on the sulfate ion), whereas Fe 2 (SO 4) 3 is named iron(3+) sulfate (because the two iron ions in each formula unit each have a charge of 3+, to balance the 2− on each of the three sulfate ions). [108]

  5. Qualitative inorganic analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_inorganic_analysis

    Classical qualitative inorganic analysis is a method of analytical chemistry which seeks to find the elemental composition of inorganic compounds.It is mainly focused on detecting ions in an aqueous solution, therefore materials in other forms may need to be brought to this state before using standard methods.

  6. Ionic strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_strength

    The ionic strength of a solution is a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution. Ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, dissociate into ions. The total electrolyte concentration in solution will affect important properties such as the dissociation constant or the solubility of different salts. One of the main characteristics of a ...

  7. Sodium sulfate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_sulfate

    Sodium sulfate is a typical electrostatically bonded ionic sulfate. The existence of free sulfate ions in solution is indicated by the easy formation of insoluble sulfates when these solutions are treated with Ba 2+ or Pb 2+ salts: Na 2 SO 4 + BaCl 2 → 2 NaCl + BaSO 4. Sodium sulfate is unreactive toward most oxidizing or reducing agents.

  8. Sulfation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfation

    Sulfation is widely used in the production of consumer products such as detergents, shampoos, and cosmetics. Since the sulfate group is highly polar, its conjugation to a lipophilic "tail" gives surfacant-like properties. Well known sulfates are sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate. [2]

  9. Spectator ion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectator_ion

    A spectator ion is an ion that exists both as a reactant and a product in a chemical equation of an aqueous solution. [ 1 ] For example, in the reaction of aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate and copper(II) sulfate :