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The equation expresses the fact that the first person has no one to share a birthday, the second person cannot have the same birthday as the first ( 364 / 365 ), the third cannot have the same birthday as either of the first two ( 363 / 365 ), and in general the n th birthday cannot be the same as any of the n − 1 preceding birthdays.
Demographic dividend, as defined by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), is "the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population’s age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older)". [1]
A similar study among 12,275,033 Swiss found the highest mortality on the actual birthday (17% greater than the expected value), and the effect was largest for those over 80; [2] another study on Swiss data found a 13.8% excess and was able to link this to specific causes: heart attack and stroke (predominant in women) and suicides and ...
The fact is that on average, women earn about 78 cents for each dollar brought in by men. And, new data suggest that this is having a significant effect on the Women over 65 are twice as likely to ...
If American women earned minimum wage for their unpaid labor around the house (for roughly four hours of work a day), they would have made $1.5 trillion, according to a New York Times calculation.
The IRS considers an individual to be 65 on the day before their 65th birthday. The standard deduction for those over age 65 in 2023 (filing tax year 2022) is $14,700 for singles, $27,300 for ...
Both approaches incur higher wage costs. Although 2nd-shift worker efficiency levels are typically 3–5% below 1st shift, and 3rd shift 4–6% below 2nd shift, the productivity level, i.e. cost per employee, is often 25% to 40% lower on 2nd and 3rd shifts due to fixed costs which are "paid" by the first shift. [48]
Middle-class mothers as well as those from the working class were faced with the double shift of working a job and in the home. The table below shows a breakdown by sector of jobs held by women in 1940 and 1950. Women overwhelmingly worked in jobs segmented by sex.