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Protein crystals commonly have as much as 50% water content. Molecules are also labeled as hydrates for historical reasons not covered above. Glucose, C 6 H 12 O 6, was originally thought of as C 6 (H 2 O) 6 and described as a carbohydrate. Hydrate formation is common for active ingredients. Many manufacturing processes provide an opportunity ...
Methane clathrate block embedded in the sediment of hydrate ridge, off Oregon, USA. Clathrate hydrates, or gas hydrates, clathrates, or hydrates, are crystalline water-based solids physically resembling ice, in which small non-polar molecules (typically gases) or polar molecules with large hydrophobic moieties are trapped inside "cages" of hydrogen bonded, frozen water molecules.
[1] [2] The vapor pressure of the ice is lower than the vapor pressure of the solute water in the surrounding cells and as heat is removed at the freezing point of the solutions, the ice crystals grow between the cells, extracting water from them. As the ice crystals grow, the volume of the cells shrinks, and the cells are crushed between the ...
Methane clathrate (CH 4 ·5.75H 2 O) or (4CH 4 ·23H 2 O), also called methane hydrate, hydromethane, methane ice, fire ice, natural gas hydrate, or gas hydrate, is a solid clathrate compound (more specifically, a clathrate hydrate) in which a large amount of methane is trapped within a crystal structure of water, forming a solid similar to ice.
There are two main ways in which minerals hydrate. One is conversion of an oxide to a double hydroxide , as with the hydration of calcium oxide —CaO—to calcium hydroxide —Ca(OH) 2 . The other is with the incorporation of water molecules directly into the crystalline structure of a new mineral, [ 1 ] as with the hydration of feldspars to ...
It is a cubic crystal structure with a unit cell edge of 17.3 Å. [1] The clathrate has two kinds of cavity that can contain the guest nitrogen molecules. Each unit cell has eight large and 16 small cavities along with 136 water molecules. The large cavity has twelve pentagonal faces, and four hexagonal faces with a cavity radius of 4.73 Å. [1]
γ-Cyclodextrin exists as a white (colorless) powder or crystals. The density of its hydrate crystal (γCD·14H 2 O) is 1.41 g/cm 3 . γ-Cyclodextrin is well soluble in water and dimethyl sulfoxide , poorly soluble in methanol .