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Canidae (/ ˈ k æ n ɪ d iː /; [3] from Latin, canis, "dog") is a biological family of dog-like carnivorans, colloquially referred to as dogs, and constitutes a clade. A member of this family is also called a canid (/ ˈ k eɪ n ɪ d /). [4] The family includes three subfamilies: the Caninae, and the extinct Borophaginae and Hesperocyoninae. [5]
These studies assumed that the extant wolf was the ancestor of the dog, and did not consider genetic admixture between wolves and dogs, or the impact of incomplete lineage sorting. These pre-genomic studies have suggested an origin of dogs in Southeast Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, the Middle East, or Europe.
Caninae (whose members are known as canines (/ k eɪ n aɪ n z /) [6]: 182 is the only living subfamily within Canidae, alongside the extinct Borophaginae and Hesperocyoninae. [7] [1] They first appeared in North America, during the Oligocene around 35 million years ago, subsequently spreading to Asia and elsewhere in the Old World at the end of the Miocene, [6]: 122 some 7 million to 8 ...
One authority has classified the Paleolithic dog as Canis cf. familiaris [1] (where cf. is a Latin term meaning uncertain, as in Canis believed to be familiaris).Previously in 1969, a study of ancient mammoth-bone dwellings at the Mezine paleolithic site in the Chernigov region, Ukraine uncovered 3 possibly domesticated "short-faced wolves".
Dogs have made 11 vertebrate species extinct and are identified as a 'potential threat' to at least 188 threatened species worldwide. [162] Dogs have also been linked to the extinction of 156 animal species. [163] Dogs have been documented to have killed a few birds of the endangered species, the kagu, in New Caledonia. [164]
Modern free-ranging dogs differ in origin from North to South America. In North America, the Carolina dog has mtDNA links to East Asian dogs, with a shared haplotype with the Shiba Inu in Japan. This suggests that it migrated to North America through Beringia, therefore making it a Native American dog. In South America, on the other hand, free ...
By 5 million YBP the larger Canis lepophagus, ancestor of wolves and coyotes, appeared in the same region. [ 1 ] : p58 Around 5 million years ago, some of the Old World Eucyon evolved into the first members of Canis , [ 14 ] and the position of the canids would change to become a dominant predator across the Palearctic .
In 2011, the mDNA of dogs from the Malay Peninsula found that the two most common dog haplotypes of the Indonesian region, in particular Bali and Kalimantan, were mDNA haplotype A75 (40%) and "the dingo founder haplotype" A29 (8%). [19] [22] Also present were haplotypes A120 and A145. [22] All 4 haplotypes fall within the a2 mDNA sub-haplogroup.