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The name scintillon was first used to describe cytoplasmic particles isolated from a bioluminescent species of dinoflagellate that were able to produce a flash of light in response to a decrease in pH. [4] Scintillons were first observed in L. polyedra by fluorescence microscopy, [5] where
A light micrograph of an ocelloid-containing dinoflagellate. The nucleus is marked n, the ocelloid is indicated with a double arrowhead, and a posterior cell extension is indicated with an arrow; scale bar = 10 μm.
English-language taxonomic monographs covering large numbers of species are published for the Gulf of Mexico, [45] the Indian Ocean, [46] the British Isles, [47] the Mediterranean [48] and the North Sea. [49] The main source for identification of freshwater dinoflagellates is the Süsswasser Flora. [50]
Pyrocystis fusiformis is a non-motile, tropical, epipelagic, marine dinoflagellate (flagellate microorganisms), reaching lengths of up to 1 millimetre (0.039 in). P. fusiformis display bioluminescence when disturbed or agitated. In coastal marine waters, this dinoflagellate causes glowing effects after dark.
Pyrodinium have caused more human illnesses and fatalities than any other dinoflagellates that cause Paralytic Shellfish Toxin or PST. [4] It was initially widely believed that the compressum variety was toxic and found in the Pacific while the bahamense variety was nontoxic and found in the Atlantic, but a 1972 toxic algal bloom of Pyrodinium bahamense in Papua New Guinea [5] showed this was ...
Dinoflagellates are microbial eukaryotes that link bioluminesce and toxin production in algal blooms. [39] They use a luciferin-luciferase reaction to create a blue light emission glow. [ 40 ] There are seventeen major types of dinoflagellate toxins, in which the strains, Saxitoxin and Yessotoxin, are both bioluminescent and toxic.
Fluorescence is the emission of light by a molecule or an atom that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength , and therefore a lower photon energy , than the absorbed radiation.
Ceratium species belong to the group of dinoflagellates known as dinophysiales, meaning they contain armored plates. [2] They contain a pellicle, which is a shell, that is made from the cell membrane and vesicles; vesicles are composed of cross-linked cellulose , forming the plates. [ 2 ]