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The Zeta Potential Analyzer can measure solid, fibers, or powdered material. The motor found in the instrument creates an oscillating flow of electrolyte solution through the sample. Several sensors in the instrument monitor other factors, so the software attached is able to do calculations to find the zeta potential.
The iso-electric point is the pH value at which the zeta potential is approximately zero. At a pH near the iso-electric point (± 2 pH units), colloids are usually unstable; the particles tend to coagulate or flocculate. Such titrations use acids or bases as titration reagents.
The potential of zero charge is used for determination of the absolute electrode potential in a given electrolyte. IUPAC also defines the potential difference with respect to the potential of zero charge as: E pzc = E − E σ=0. where: E pzc is the electrode potential difference with respect to the point of zero charge, E σ=0
At the slipping plane the potential Ψ has decreased to what is known as the zeta potential. Although zeta potential is an intermediate value, it is sometimes considered to be more significant than surface potential as far as electrostatic repulsion is concerned. [2]
Electrokinetic phenomena generally measure zeta potential, and a zero zeta potential is interpreted as the point of zero net charge at the shear plane. This is termed the isoelectric point. [29] Thus, the isoelectric point is the value of pH at which the colloidal particle remains stationary in an electrical field.
A streaming potential is defined as positive when the electric potential is higher on the high pressure end of the flow system than on the low pressure end. The value of streaming current observed in a capillary is usually related to the zeta potential through the relation: [ 9 ]
The phase value is usually taken to be between −180° and 0 (that is, it represents a phase lag, for both positive and negative values of the arctan argument). For a particular driving frequency called the resonance , or resonant frequency ω r = ω 0 1 − 2 ζ 2 {\textstyle \omega _{r}=\omega _{0}{\sqrt {1-2\zeta ^{2}}}} , the amplitude ...
That value is also the standard formation energy (∆G f °) for an Fe 2+ ion, since e − and Fe(s) both have zero formation energy. Data from different sources may cause table inconsistencies.