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White oil is sold commercially as a petroleum oil-based organic pesticide, in both a concentrate, [3] [4] [5] and ready-to-use spray bottle or can. [6] [7]The term "horticultural oil" may be used to differentiate this petroleum oil-based product from homemade products using vegetable oil.
Insecticidal soap is used to control many plant insect pests. Soap has been used for more than 200 years as an insect control. [1] Because insecticidal soap works on direct contact with pests via the disruption of cell membranes when the insect is penetrated with fatty acids, the insect's cells leak their contents causing the insect to dehydrate and die. [2]
Encouraging beneficial insects, by providing suitable living conditions, is a pest control strategy, often used in organic farming, organic gardening or integrated pest management. Companies specializing in biological pest control sell many types of beneficial insects, particularly for use in enclosed areas, like greenhouses .
The aphids may not be the original source of infection, but are instrumental in spreading the virus through the crop. [9] Various chemical treatments are available to kill the aphids and organic growers can use a solution of soft soap. [12] Wasp laying egg inside an aphid's body Aphids tended by ants
Predators of aphids were similarly found to be present in tussock grasses by field boundary hedges in England, but they spread too slowly to reach the centers of fields. Control was improved by planting a meter-wide strip of tussock grasses in field centers, enabling aphid predators to overwinter there. [29]
Myzus persicae, known as the green peach aphid, greenfly, or the peach-potato aphid, [2] is a small green aphid belonging to the order Hemiptera. It is the most significant aphid pest of peach trees, causing decreased growth, shrivelling of the leaves and the death of various tissues.
Euceraphis punctipennis, the downy birch aphid or European birch aphid, is a species of aphid in the order Hemiptera. These aphids are tiny green insects with soft bodies and membranous wings. They are found living on downy birch trees (Betula pubescens) where they feed and multiply on the buds and leaves by sucking sap.
The host plants response to an aphid infestation is a loss of turgor and reduced growth due to water imbalances as the aphid feed on phloem. The aphid also causes reduction in biomass of the whole plant. However, once the aphid is removed the plant quickly recovers absolute growth rate and has increased relative growth.