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According to Jain epistemology, sense perception is the knowledge which the Jīva (soul) acquires of the environment through the intermediary of material sense organs. [5] This includes recollection, recognition, induction based on observation and deduction based on reasoning. [ 2 ]
In Jain epistemology, there are two kinds of valid methods of knowledge: pratyakṣa or "direct knowledge" and parokṣa or "indirect knowledge". Kevala-jñana is considered pratyaksa . [ 20 ] Five ways of obtaining knowledge are defined: matijñana acquired through sensory perception; srutajñana acquired through understanding of verbal and ...
Jaina seven-valued logic is a system of argumentation developed by Jaina philosophers and thinkers in ancient India to support and substantiate their theory of pluralism.This argumentation system has seven distinct semantic predicates which may be thought of as seven different truth values.
Jain philosophers' preoccupation with epistemology continued into the early modern period, which saw several great Jain scholars who wrote on the navya-nyaya (lit. ' new reason ') philosophy, such as Yaśovijaya (1624–1688). The Jain encounter with Islam also led to theological debates on the existence of God and on the use of violence. [153]
Jain philosophy can be described in various ways, but the most acceptable tradition is to describe it in terms of the Tattvas or fundamentals. [2] Without knowing them one cannot progress towards liberation. They are: Jīva - Souls and living things; Ajiva - Non-living things; Asrava - Influx of karma; Bandha - The bondage of karma
According to the Jain texts like Tattvārthsūtra (śloka 1.9) and Sarvārthasiddhi, knowledge is of five kinds: [9] Mati Jñāna (Sensory Knowledge) Śruta Jñāna (Scriptural Knowledge) Avadhi Jñāna (Clairvoyance) Manaḥ prayāya Jñāna (Telepathy) Kevalā Jñāna (Omniscience)
Jain philosophy explains that nine (Śvetāmbara tradition) or seven (Digambara tradition) tattva (truths or fundamental principles) constitute reality. [1] These are: [2] jīva – the soul which is characterized by consciousness; ajīva – the non-soul; puṇya (alms-deed) – which purifies the soul and provide happiness to others
Jain view of soul differs from those found in ancient Buddhist and Hindu texts, and Jain view about jiva and ajiva (self, matter) utilizes anekāntavāda. [ 42 ] [ 43 ] [ 44 ] The Upanishadic thought (Hindu) postulated the impermanence of matter and body, but the existence of an unchanging, eternal metaphysical reality of Brahman and Ātman ...