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Black spruce stand at Arctic Chalet, Inuvik, NT Spruce-pine-fir (SPF) is a classification of lumber that can be traded on commodities exchanges.. In Canada, and parts of the United States, most of the spruce tree species, pine tree species, and fir tree species share similar physical and mechanical characteristics, to the point where lumber derived from any of these species are interchangeable ...
Certified wood and paper products come from responsibly managed forests – as defined by a particular standard. With third-party forest certification, an independent standards setting organization (SSO) develops standards for good forest management, and independent auditing companies issue certificates to forest operations that comply with ...
Softwood plywood is usually made either of cedar, Douglas fir or spruce, pine, and fir (collectively known as spruce-pine-fir or SPF) or redwood and is typically used for construction and industrial purposes. [12] The most common dimension is 1.2 by 2.4 metres (3 ft 11 in × 7 ft 10 in) or the slightly larger imperial dimension of 4 feet × 8 feet.
A complete inventory collects data from all trees in the population, and a cover type survey is a survey where some of the information gathered is usually done through aerial photography and GIS systems. This type of survey is being increasingly used in urban areas. [3]
Irregular shelterwood systems retain the trees left during the establishment cut for an extended period of time resulting in an uneven-aged stand with trees of multiple ages. [11] It maybe done to get additional growth on the oldest trees to get extra-large diameters for wood . [ 9 ]
"A decision support system for forest density management within upland black spruce stand-types." [10] Staman: Stand table model: New Brunswick: Acadian Forests: Eastern SPF, Tolerant hardwoods: Even-aged and uneven-aged: Silviculture: 1, 2, 5
Forest inventory is the systematic collection of data and forest information for assessment or analysis. An estimate of the value and possible uses of timber is an important part of the broader information required to sustain ecosystems. [1]
Even-aged forest management is the harvesting system of choice in many parts of the world because it is often considered to be the only method that is economically viable. Forestry operations have extremely high variable costs- per hour expenses for harvesting equipment and per kilometer expenses for log transportation compose a very large ...