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Phenylephrine, sold under the brand names Neosynephrine and Sudafed PE among others, is a medication used as a decongestant for uncomplicated nasal congestion in the form of a nasal spray or oral tablet, [5] to dilate the pupil, to increase blood pressure given intravenously in cases of low blood pressure, and to relieve hemorrhoids as a suppository.
However, not all of them are safe to use during pregnancy. One of the components of bismuth subsalicylate is salicylate, which is a component that crosses the placenta. Due to this, there is an increased risk for intrauterine growth retardation, fetal hemorrhage, and maternal hemorrhage within organogenesis and in the second/third trimester. [12]
[1] [22] A closely related sympathomimetic and decongestant, phenylpropanolamine, was withdrawn due to associations with markedly increased blood pressure and incidence of hemorrhagic stroke. [22] There has been concern that pseudoephedrine may likewise dangerously increase blood pressure and thereby increase the risk of stroke, whereas others ...
Phenylephrine is an over-the-counter drug that has been used for decades to relieve congestion and stuffy nose caused by allergies or colds, and purportedly works by reducing the swelling of blood ...
Phenylpropanolamine (PPA), sold under many brand names, is a sympathomimetic agent which is used as a decongestant and appetite suppressant. [9] [1] [10] [11] It was previously commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.
Treatment of this condition is very similar to treatment of non-gravid heart failure patients, however, safety of the fetus must be prioritized. For example, for anticoagulation due to increased risk for thromboembolism, low molecular weight heparin which is safe for use during pregnancy is used instead of warfarin which crosses the placenta. [37]
Phenylephrine is an oral medication primarily used as a decongestant. [5] [6] It is a selective α 1-adrenergic receptor activator which results in the constriction of both arteries and veins. [5] Common side effects include nausea, headache, and anxiety. [5] Phenylephrine was patented in 1927 and came into medical use in 1938. [7]
Tedral was withdrawn from the US market in 2006 due to safety concerns related to the use of ephedrine. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had previously issued warnings about the use of ephedrine-containing products due to their potential for serious side effects, including heart attack, stroke, and death. [30]