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The outbreak of yellow fever in Barcelona in 1821. The evolutionary origins of yellow fever are most likely African. [1] [2] Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the virus originated from East or Central Africa, with transmission between primates and humans, and spread from there to West Africa. [3]
Yellow fever: 3,000 (2,000 in Norfolk, 1,000 in Portsmouth) [153] Third plague pandemic: 1855–1960 Worldwide Bubonic plague: 12–15 million (India and China) [154] [155] 1855–1857 Montevideo yellow fever epidemic 1855–1857 Montevideo, Uruguay: Yellow fever: 3,400 (first wave; 900, second wave; 2,500) [156] 1857 Lisbon yellow fever ...
Yellow fever is caused by yellow fever virus (YFV), an enveloped RNA virus 40–50 nm in width, the type species and namesake of the family Flaviviridae. [10] It was the first illness shown to be transmissible by filtered human serum and transmitted by mosquitoes, by American doctor Walter Reed around 1900. [32]
Epidemics of the 19th century were faced without the medical advances that made 20th-century epidemics much rarer and less lethal. Micro-organisms (viruses and bacteria) had been discovered in the 18th century, but it was not until the late 19th century that the experiments of Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation conclusively, allowing germ theory and Robert ...
The yellow fever epidemic occurred during late 1870, beginning in August to the end of the year. There were a total of 1235 deaths; 468 women and 767 men. [ 1 ] The epidemic ended due to the city following hygienic measures and the mosquitoes not surviving Barcelona's cold weather conditions in December 1870. [ 1 ]
There are more than 500 species of arboviruses, but in the 1930s only three were known to cause disease in humans: yellow fever virus, dengue virus and Pappataci fever virus. [202] More than 100 of such viruses are now known to cause human diseases including encephalitis. [203] Yellow fever is the most notorious disease caused by a flavivirus ...
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Finlay's work, carried out during the 1870s, finally came to prominence in 1900. He was the first to theorize, in 1881, that a mosquito was a carrier, now known as a disease vector, of the organism causing yellow fever: a mosquito that bites a victim of the disease could subsequently bite and thereby infect a healthy person. [4]