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On "basic emotion" accounts, activation of an emotion, such as anger, sadness, or fear, is "triggered" by the brain's appraisal of a stimulus or event with respect to the perceiver's goals or survival. In particular, the function, expression, and meaning of different emotions are hypothesized to be biologically distinct from one another.
A common way in which emotions are conceptualized in sociology is in terms of the multidimensional characteristics including cultural or emotional labels (for example, anger, pride, fear, happiness), physiological changes (for example, increased perspiration, changes in pulse rate), expressive facial and body movements (for example, smiling ...
The theory of constructed emotion (formerly the conceptual act model of emotion [1]) is a theory in affective science proposed by Lisa Feldman Barrett to explain the experience and perception of emotion. [2] [3] The theory posits that instances of emotion are constructed predictively by the brain in the moment as needed.
This theory suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological responses to outside stimuli or events. For example, this theory suggests that if someone is driving down the road and sees the headlights of another car heading toward them in their lane, their heart begins to race (a physiological response) and then they become afraid (fear ...
Discrete emotion theory is the claim that there is a small number of core emotions. For example, Silvan Tomkins (1962, 1963) concluded that there are nine basic affects which correspond with what we come to know as emotions: interest , enjoyment , surprise , distress , fear , anger , shame , dissmell (reaction to bad smell) and disgust .
Appraisal theory is the theory in psychology that emotions are extracted from our evaluations (appraisals or estimates) of events that cause specific reactions in different people. Essentially, our appraisal of a situation causes an emotional, or affective, response that is going to be based on that appraisal. [ 1 ]
Plutchik's psychoevolutionary theory of basic emotions has ten postulates. The concept of emotion is applicable to all evolutionary levels and applies to all animals including humans. Emotions have an evolutionary history and have evolved various forms of expression in different species.
The James–Lange theory (1964) is a hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions and is one of the earliest theories of emotion within modern psychology. It was developed by philosopher John Dewey and named for two 19th-century scholars, William James and Carl Lange (see modern criticism for more on the theory's origin).