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  2. bcrypt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bcrypt

    For example, bcrypt cannot be used to derive a 512-bit key from a password. At the same time, algorithms like pbkdf2, scrypt, and argon2 are password-based key derivation functions - where the output is then used for the purpose of password hashing rather than just key derivation. Password hashing generally needs to complete < 1000 ms.

  3. Argon2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon2

    Argon2 is a key derivation function that was selected as the winner of the 2015 Password Hashing Competition. [1] [2] It was designed by Alex Biryukov, Daniel Dinu, and Dmitry Khovratovich from the University of Luxembourg. [3]

  4. Pass the hash - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pass_the_hash

    If an attacker has the hashes of a user's password, they do not need the cleartext password; they can simply use the hash to authenticate with a server and impersonate that user. [4] [5] [6] In other words, from an attacker's perspective, hashes are functionally equivalent to the original passwords that they were generated from.

  5. Cryptographic hash function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function

    Password verification commonly relies on cryptographic hashes. Storing all user passwords as cleartext can result in a massive security breach if the password file is compromised. One way to reduce this danger is to only store the hash digest of each password.

  6. Secure Hash Algorithms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Hash_Algorithms

    The Secure Hash Algorithms are a family of cryptographic hash functions published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS), including:

  7. John the Ripper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Ripper

    One of the modes John can use is the dictionary attack. [6] It takes text string samples (usually from a file, called a wordlist, containing words found in a dictionary or real passwords cracked before), encrypting it in the same format as the password being examined (including both the encryption algorithm and key), and comparing the output to the encrypted string.

  8. SHA-1 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1

    In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte) hash value known as a message digest – typically rendered as 40 hexadecimal digits.

  9. PHP - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP

    PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. [8] It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995.