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Greenland ice sheet as seen from space. An ice sheet is a body of ice which covers a land area of continental size - meaning that it exceeds 50,000 km 2. [4] The currently existing two ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica have a much greater area than this minimum definition, measuring at 1.7 million km 2 and 14 million km 2, respectively.
If all 2,900,000 cubic kilometres (696,000 cu mi) of the ice sheet were to melt, it would increase global sea levels by ~7.4 m (24 ft). [2] Global warming between 1.7 °C (3.1 °F) and 2.3 °C (4.1 °F) would likely make this melting inevitable. [ 6 ]
Sand dunes were much more widespread and active in many areas during the early Quaternary period. A good example is the Sand Hills region in Nebraska which covers an area of about 60,000 km 2 (23,166 sq mi). [40] This region was a large, active dune field during the Pleistocene epoch but today is largely stabilized by grass cover. [41] [42]
The Antarctic ice sheet covers an area of almost 14 million square kilometres (5.4 million square miles) and contains 26.5 million cubic kilometres (6,400,000 cubic miles) of ice. [6] A cubic kilometer of ice weighs approximately 0.92 metric gigatonnes, meaning that the ice sheet weighs about 24,380,000 gigatonnes. This ice is equivalent to ...
The East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) lies between 45° west and 168° east longitudinally. It was first formed around 34 million years ago, [3] and it is the largest ice sheet on the entire planet, with far greater volume than the Greenland ice sheet or the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), from which it is separated by the Transantarctic Mountains.
Burning of all fossil fuels on Earth is sufficient to melt the entire Antarctic ice sheet, causing about 58 m (190 ft) of sea level rise. [59] Year 2021 IPCC estimates for the amount of sea level rise over the next 2,000 years project that: At a warming peak of 1.5 °C (2.7 °F), global sea levels would rise 2–3 m (6 + 1 ⁄ 2 –10 ft)
10 40 1.61×10 40 J Baryonic mass-energy contained in a volume of one cubic parsec, on average. [265] [271] 10 41 2.276×10 41 J: Gravitational binding energy of the Sun [272] 5.3675×10 41 J: Theoretical total mass–energy of the Earth [273] [274] 10 43 5×10 43 J Total energy of all gamma rays in a typical gamma-ray burst if collimated [275 ...
The melting point of ordinary hexagonal ice falls slightly under moderately high pressures, by 0.0073 °C (0.0131 °F)/atm [h] or about 0.5 °C (0.90 °F)/70 atm [i] [53] as the stabilization energy of hydrogen bonding is exceeded by intermolecular repulsion, but as ice transforms into its polymorphs (see crystalline states of ice) above 209.9 ...