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In ophthalmology, pilocarpine is also used to reduce symptomatic glare at night from lights when the patient has undergone implantation of phakic intraocular lenses; the use of pilocarpine would reduce the size of the pupils, partially relieving these symptoms. [dubious – discuss] The most common concentration for this use is pilocarpine 1%.
Patients can lessen the effects of xerostomia with breath mints, sugarless gum, or lozenges; or physicians can increase saliva flow with artificial saliva or oral pilocarpine. [39] Artificial saliva mimics the characteristics of natural saliva by lubricating and protecting the mouth, but does not provide any digestive or enzymatic benefits. [ 40 ]
Xerostomia is a very common symptom. A conservative estimate of prevalence is about 20% in the general population, with increased prevalences in females (up to 30%) and the elderly (up to 50%). [8] Estimates of the prevalence of persistent dry mouth vary between 10 and 50%. [8]
Pilocarpine is a drug that acts as a muscarinic receptor agonist that is used to treat glaucoma Cevimeline (AF102B) (Evoxac®) is a muscarinic agonist that is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- approved drug and used for the management of dry mouth in Sjögren's syndrome
Chronic dry mouth is prevalent in a high proportion of the elderly population, affecting roughly one fifth of the group. [25] There has been a link between dry mouth and comorbid diseases including diabetes , Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease [ 14 ] [ 16 ] Additionally, xerostomia can arise from general dehydration . [ 26 ]
Extrapyramidal symptoms including dyskinesias (acute & delayed) Dystonic reactions; Cogwheel rigidity; Emotional lability; Psychosis; Suicidal ideation; Ataxias; Transient difficulty with recall; Serotonin syndrome; Parkinsonism; Restless leg syndrome; Restlessness; Eye pain; Altered sense of smell; Photophobia; Pressure on eyes; Inner ear ...
It is used in the treatment of dry mouth and Sjögren's syndrome. Medical uses ... Pilocarpine — a similar parasympathomimetic medication for dry mouth ...
Malnutrition and poor nutritional status is an area of concern, affecting 12% to 50% of hospitalized elderly patients and 23% to 50% of institutionalized elderly patients living in long-term care facilities such as assisted living communities and skilled nursing facilities. [19]