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Systemic scleroderma, or systemic sclerosis, is an autoimmune rheumatic disease characterised by excessive production and accumulation of collagen, called fibrosis, in the skin and internal organs and by injuries to small arteries. There are two major subgroups of systemic sclerosis based on the extent of skin involvement: limited and diffuse ...
This is a syndrome of chronic pain with changes of temperature and colour of the skin. Other general complications include superficial radial nerve damage and postoperative wound infection. After arthrodesis, non-union, in which fusion of the trapezium bone with the metacarpal bone fails, occurs in 8% to 21% of the cases.
Eburnation is a degenerative process of bone commonly found in patients with osteoarthritis or non-union of fractures.Friction in the joint causes the reactive conversion of the sub-chondral bone to an ivory-like surface at the site of the cartilage erosion. [1]
The cause is unknown, but it may be due to an abnormal immune response. [2] Risk factors include family history, certain genetic factors, and exposure to silica . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The underlying mechanism involves the abnormal growth of connective tissue , which is believed to be the result of the immune system attacking healthy tissues. [ 6 ]
In the temporomandibular joint, subchondral sclerosis of the mandibular condyle has been described as an early change, condylar flattening as a feature of progressive osteoarthritis, and narrowing of the temporomandibular joint space as a late stage change. [14] A joint space of between 1.5 and 4 mm is regarded as normal. [15] Ankle osteoarthritis.
Impaction of subchondral bone will appear as an increased sclerosis of the subchondral bone (Figure 1). In the hip, posterior acetabular fractures also present subtle radiographic findings. The acetabular lines should then be carefully examined keeping in mind that the posterior rim, which is harder to see on X-rays, is more frequently ...
What one nurse learned about humanity amidst the Ebola epidemic
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a disease that attacks the kidney's filtering system causing serious scarring and thus a cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adolescents, [1] as well as an important cause of kidney failure in adults. Hippocampal sclerosis, a brain damage often seen in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy.