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Complications of reflex syncope include injury due to a fall. [1] Reflex syncope is divided into three types: vasovagal, situational, and carotid sinus. [2] Vasovagal syncope is typically triggered by seeing blood, pain, emotional stress, or prolonged standing. [11] Situational syncope is often triggered by urination, swallowing, or coughing. [2]
Syncope ((syncope ⓘ), commonly known as fainting or passing out, is a loss of consciousness and muscle strength characterized by a fast onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery. [1] It is caused by a decrease in blood flow to the brain , typically from low blood pressure . [ 1 ]
Laughter-induced syncope is an unusual but recognized form of situational syncope (fainting) likely to have a similar pathophysiological origin to tussive syncope. One reported case occurred while a patient was watching the television show Seinfeld , and was given the name Seinfeld syncope .
Situational syncope occurs when situations affect the nervous system, such as anxiety, fear, pain, dehydration, hyperventilation, and the use of alcohol or drugs. [3] The body falls to the ground when one faints or has a black-out because it makes it easier for oxygen blood to reach the brain.
Tilt table testing could provoke fainting or syncope. It is the purpose of the test to provoke these symptoms, in order to aid in diagnosis. [ 4 ] It may not be appropriate, or indeed even possible, to stop the test before fainting occurs, as the drop in blood pressure or pulse rate associated with fainting can come on in seconds.
Orthostatic syncope refers to syncope resulting from a postural decrease in blood pressure, termed orthostatic hypotension. [1]Orthostatic hypotension occurs when there is a persistent reduction in blood pressure of at least 20mmHg systolic or 10mmHg diastolic within three minutes of standing or being upright to 60 degrees on the head-up tilt table.
Reflex asystolic syncope (RAS) is a form of syncope encountered mainly, but not exclusively, in young children. Reflex anoxic seizures are not epileptic seizures or epilepsy . [ 1 ] This is usually a consequence of a reduction in cerebral perfusion by oxygenated blood .
Presyncope describes lightheadedness or feeling faint; the name relates to syncope, which is actually fainting. Disequilibrium is the sensation of being off balance and is most often characterized by frequent falls in a specific direction. This condition is not often associated with nausea or vomiting.