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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. It has the idealized formula [CH 2 CH(OH)] n. It is used in papermaking, textile warp sizing, as a thickener and emulsion stabilizer in polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive formulations, in a variety of coatings, and 3D printing. It is colourless (white) and odorless.
Melting point: 96 °C (205 °F; 369 K) ... phase transition from a soluble hydrated state to an ... these polymers can be dissolved in water at room temperature and ...
Polyvinyl acetate is also the raw material to make other polymers like: Polyvinyl alcohol −[HOCHCH 2]−: Polyvinyl acetate is partially or completely hydrolysed to give polyvinyl alcohol. This reversible saponification and esterification reaction was a strong hint for Hermann Staudinger in the formulation of his theory of macromolecules. [12]
The presence of chloride groups gives the polymer very different properties from the structurally related material polyethylene. [17] At 1.4 g/cm 3 , PVC's density is also higher than structurally related plastics such as polyethylene (0.88–0.96 g/cm 3 ) and polymethylmethacrylate (1.18 g/cm 3 ).
Melting point: 150 to 180 °C (302 to 356 °F; 423 to 453 K) (glass temperature) ... is a water-soluble polymer compound made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. [1 ...
Polyacrylamide (abbreviated as PAM or pAAM) is a polymer with the formula (-CH 2 CHCONH 2-). It has a linear-chain structure. PAM is highly water-absorbent, forming a soft gel when hydrated. In 2008, an estimated 750,000,000 kg were produced, mainly for water treatment and the paper and mineral industries. [1]
Polyglycolide has a glass transition temperature between 35 and 40 °C and its melting point is reported to be in the range of 225 to 230 °C. PGA also exhibits an elevated degree of crystallinity, around 45–55%, thus resulting in insolubility in water. [2]
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/(100 mL)), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
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