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Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, also known as total anomalous pulmonary venous return, is a rare cyanotic congenital heart defect in which the pulmonary veins drain into the right side of the heart instead of the left, as is usually seen. This can happen within the heart (intracardiac) where it drains into the coronary sinus or ...
Chest x-ray of a five-year-old girl with Scimitar syndrome. The heart (blue outline) is shifted into the right half of the chest, and the anomalous pulmonary venous return (red) has a shape reminiscent of a Scimitar. The diagnosis is made by transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography [citation needed] and selective pulmonary angiography. [5]
Pulmonary vein stenosis can be congenital or acquired. [6]A rare abnormality that accounts for 0.4% of congenital heart diseases, congenital pulmonary vein stenosis results from the common right or left pulmonary vein failing to integrate into the left atrium (LA) during the vessel's embryonic development, obliterating the pulmonary veins partially or completely on one or both sides.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) Transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) Truncus arteriosus (Persistent) Tricuspid atresia; Interrupted aortic arch; Pulmonary atresia (PA) Pulmonary stenosis (critical) Eisenmenger syndrome (reversal of shunt due to pulmonary hypertension). [2]
5 Words: Total anomalous pulmonary venous return; A mainstem intubation with an endotracheal tube can lead to right-to-left shunting. [citation needed] This occurs when the tip of the endotracheal tube is placed beyond the carina. In this way only one lung is oxygenated and oxygen-poor blood from the non-ventilated lung dilutes the oxygen level ...
Prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, elevated central venous pressure (CVP) or pulmonary arterial pressure, and specific malformations including unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect or surgical history of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair were established as risk factors for worse outcomes. [7]
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A rare genetic defect of the pulmonary veins can cause them to drain into the pulmonary circulation in whole or in part, this is known as a total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (or drainage), or partial anomalous pulmonary connection, respectively. [citation needed]