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Tolvaptan, sold under the brand name Samsca among others, is an aquaretic drug that functions as a selective, competitive vasopressin receptor 2 (V 2) antagonist used to treat hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).
Synthetic aquaretics are vasopressin receptor antagonists and include conivaptan, tolvaptan, demeclocycline, and mozavaptan (OPC-31260), as well as lithium. Conivaptan hydrochloride and tolvaptan have been approved by the FDA for treating syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. [4] [5] Mozavaptan is approved in Japan. [citation needed]
The "vaptan" drugs act by directly blocking the action of vasopressin at its receptors (V 1A, V 1B and V 2).These receptors have a variety of functions, with the V 1A and V 2 receptors are expressed peripherally and involved in the modulation of blood pressure and kidney function respectively, while the V 1A and V 1B receptors are expressed in the central nervous system.
Tolvaptan phosphate is a drug used for the treatment of cardiac edema. It is a prodrug of tolvaptan , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] formulated as the salt tolvaptan sodium phosphate, for intravenous administration .
From or to a drug trade name: This is a redirect from (or to) the trade name of a drug to (or from) the international nonproprietary name (INN).
Conivaptan, sold under the brand name Vaprisol, is a non-peptide inhibitor of the receptor for anti-diuretic hormone, also called vasopressin.It was approved in 2004 for hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels).
Susning.nu: a Swedish online wiki started in 2001; anyone-can-edit encyclopedia until 2004; shut down in 2009; Svensk uppslagsbok (2 editions, 31 and 32 volumes, 1929–1955) Svenska uppslagsverk: [15] a comprehensive bibliography maintained by collector Christofer Psilander; Swedish Wikipedia (Svenskspråkiga Wikipedia)
Tolvaptan is a racemic small molecule drug (Molecular Weight of 448.9 g.mol-1) and is a lipophilic drug, is essentially insoluble in water, and has fair oral absorption (>40% bioavailable). Tolvaptan hsa a plasma half-life of around 12 hours, a volume of distribution of 3L/kg, and has high plasma protein binding at 99%.