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Glucose has a pKa value of 12.16 at 25 °C (77 °F) in water. [25] With six carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a subcategory of the monosaccharides. d-Glucose is one of the sixteen aldohexose stereoisomers. The d-isomer, d-glucose, also known as dextrose, occurs widely in nature, but the l-isomer, l-glucose, does not.
Corn syrup – sweet syrup produced from corn starch that may contain glucose, maltose and other sugars. Date sugar [1] Dehydrated cane juice [1] Demerara sugar [1] Dextrin [1] – an incompletely hydrolyzed starch made from a variety of grains or other starchy foods. Dextrose [1] – same as glucose, dextrose is an alternative name of glucose
D50 – 50% dextrose in water; The percentage is a mass concentration, so a 5% glucose/dextrose solution contains 50 g/L of glucose/dextrose (5 g per 100 ml). This usage is imprecise but widely used, as discussed at Mass concentration (chemistry) § Usage in biology. Glucose provides energy 4 kcal/gram, so a 5% glucose solution provides 0.2 kcal/ml
Glucose syrup is a liquid form of glucose that is widely used in the manufacture of foodstuffs. It can be manufactured from starch by enzymatic hydrolysis. [76] For example, corn syrup, which is produced commercially by breaking down maize starch, is one common source of purified dextrose. [77]
For many monosaccharides (including glucose), the cyclic forms predominate, in the solid state and in solutions, and therefore the same name commonly is used for the open- and closed-chain isomers. Thus, for example, the term "glucose" may signify glucofuranose, glucopyranose, the open-chain form, or a mixture of the three.
In the liver, muscles, and the kidney, this process occurs to provide glucose when necessary. [12] A single glucose molecule is cleaved from a branch of glycogen, and is transformed into glucose-1-phosphate during this process. [1] This molecule can then be converted to glucose-6-phosphate, an intermediate in the glycolysis pathway. [1]
Dextrose equivalent (DE) is a measure of the amount of reducing sugars present in a sugar product, expressed as a percentage on a dry basis relative to dextrose. The dextrose equivalent gives an indication of the average degree of polymerisation (DP) for starch sugars. As a rule of thumb, DE × DP = 120.
Polydextrose is a synthetic polymer of glucose. [1] It is a food ingredient classified as soluble fiber by the US FDA as well as Health Canada , as of April 2013 [update] . It is frequently used to increase the dietary fiber content of food, to replace sugar, and to reduce calories and fat content.