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The journal was established in 1970. Prior to that time, original research articles covering topics in infection and immunity were published in a section of the Journal of Bacteriology. As the size of this section grew, the need for a separate journal publishing peer-reviewed research in this area became apparent. [1]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.
An infected individual may develop a short-term immunity but that disappears after a few months, and immunity to one strain does not confer immunity to another. [86] An immunisation experiment was done in 1950 in which 16 volunteers still developed the infection after 11–25 months of primary infection. [ 88 ]
Innate immune systems are found in all animals. [2] If pathogens successfully evade the innate response, vertebrates possess a second layer of protection, the adaptive immune system, which is activated by the innate response. [3] Here, the immune system adapts its response during an infection to improve its recognition of the pathogen.
Premunition, also known as infection-immunity, [1] is a host response that protects against high numbers of parasite and illness without eliminating the infection. [2] This type of immunity is relatively rapid, progressively acquired, short-lived, and partially effective. [ 3 ]
Chain of infection; the chain of events that lead to infection. There is a general chain of events that applies to infections, sometimes called the chain of infection [14] or transmission chain. The chain of events involves several steps – which include the infectious agent, reservoir, entering a susceptible host, exit and transmission to new ...
The mucosal immune system consists of a cellular component, humoral immunity, and defense mechanisms that prevent the invasion of microorganisms and harmful foreign substances into the body. These defense mechanisms can be divided into physical barriers ( epithelial lining , mucus , cilia function , intestinal peristalsis , etc.) and chemical ...
The fact that the correlates of immunity/protection remain unclear is a significant barrier to HIV vaccine research. There is evidence that some highly exposed individuals can develop resistance to HIV infection, [1] suggesting that immunity and therefore a vaccine is possible.