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In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg and foot, and part of the pelvis. It is part of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the lumbar vertebrae and sacral vertebrae (L4-S4). [ 1 ]
English: An (admittedly extremely rough) schematic of the sacral plexus based on "Netter, Frank (2011) Atlas of Human Anatomy, Saunders Elsevier, pp. 487 ISBN: 978-1-4160-5951-6. " or equivalently the reproduction at this site.
Its branches are all cutaneous, and are distributed to the gluteal region, the perineum, and the back of the thigh and leg. The inferior clunial nerves (or gluteal branches), three or four in number, turn upward around the lower border of the gluteus maximus , and supply the skin covering the lower and lateral part of that muscle.
The anterior divisions of the lumbar nerves, sacral nerves, and coccygeal nerve form the lumbosacral plexus, the first lumbar nerve being frequently joined by a branch from the twelfth thoracic. For descriptive purposes this plexus is usually divided into three parts: lumbar plexus; sacral plexus; pudendal plexus
The first three lumbar nerves, and the greater part of the fourth together form the lumbar plexus. The smaller part of the fourth joins with the fifth to form the lumbosacral trunk, which assists in the formation of the sacral plexus. The fourth nerve is named the furcal nerve, from the fact that it is subdivided between the two plexuses.
The posterior divisions of the sacral nerves are small and diminish in size as they move downward; they emerge, except the last, through the posterior sacral foramina.In some rare cases these nerves break and cause the person's legs to become weak and eventually wither away under the person's weight.
Pudendal plexus; Pulmonary branches of vagus nerve; Radial nerve; Recurrent laryngeal nerve; Renal plexus; Sacral plexus; Sacral splanchnic nerves; Saphenous nerve; Sciatic nerve; Semilunar ganglion; Sensory nerve; Short ciliary nerves; Sphenopalatine nerves; Splenic plexus; Stylohyoid branch of facial nerve; Subcostal nerve; Submandibular ...
The deep branches innervate muscles, while the superficial branches supply areas of skin. A long branch (primarily of fibers of C4 and with contributions of fibers from C3 and C5; nervus phrenicus) innervates muscles of the diaphragm. The cervical plexus also communicates with the cranial nerves vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve.