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Steam cracker process diagram Gibbs free energy per carbon atom. This shows that at high temperature, hexane can split into ethane and ethylene ("Ethen"), and ethane can split into ethylene and hydrogen. But ethylene can decompose into methane and carbon if given too much time, and all the hydrocarbons can decompose into carbon and hydrogen.
Olefin Conversion Technology, also called the Phillips Triolefin Process, is the industrial process that interconverts propylene with ethylene and 2-butenes. [1] The process is also called the ethylene to propylene (ETP) process. In ETP, ethylene is dimerized to 1-butene, which is isomerized to 2-butenes.
The heterogeneous process ultimately failed due to catalyst inactivation and was replaced by the water-based homogeneous system for which a pilot plant was operational in 1958. Problems with the aggressive catalyst solution were solved by adopting titanium (newly available for industrial use) as construction material for reactors and pumps ...
Hydration is an important process in many other applications; one example is the production of Portland cement by the crosslinking of calcium oxides and silicates that is induced by water. Hydration is the process by which desiccants function. CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O is bright blue and has a rather different structure from its colourless anhydrous ...
Ethylene is produced by several methods in the petrochemical industry. A primary method is steam cracking (SC) where hydrocarbons and steam are heated to 750–950 °C. This process converts large hydrocarbons into smaller ones and introduces unsaturation. When ethane is the feedstock, ethylene is the product.
The Phillips Triolefin and the Olefin conversion technology. This process interconverts propylene with ethylene and 2-butenes. Rhenium and molybdenum catalysts are used. Nowadays, only the reverse reaction, i.e., the conversion of ethylene and 2-butene to propylene is industrially practiced, however. [6]
Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula C 2 H 2 and structure H−C≡C−H. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne . [ 8 ] This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block.
The first step in this process is the ethylene oligomerization to a mixture of even-numbered α-olefins at 80 to 120 °C and 70 to 140 bar (7 to 14 MPa) catalyzed by a nickel-phosphine complex. Such catalysts are typically prepared from diarylphosphino carboxylic acids, such as (C 6 H 5 ) 2 PCH 2 CO 2 H. [ 5 ] The process and its mechanism was ...