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The magic SysRq key is a key combination understood by the Linux kernel, which allows the user to perform various low-level commands regardless of the system's state. It is often used to recover from freezes , or to reboot a computer without corrupting the filesystem . [ 1 ]
Single-user mode, booted to system console only, with only root filesystem mounted (as read-only) s: Single-user mode, identical to S except the current terminal acts as the system console 1: Single-user mode with local filesystems mounted (read-write) 2: Multi-user mode with most daemons started and Common Desktop Environment launched 3
Furthermore, the value "~" as a terminal name with username "shutdown" or "reboot" indicates a system shutdown or reboot (respectively). [2] These files are not set by any given PAM module (such as pam_unix.so or pam_sss.so) but are set by the application performing the operation (e.g. mingetty, /bin/login, or sshd). As such it is the ...
The second-stage loader (stage2, the /boot/grub/ files) is loaded by the stage1.5 and displays the GRUB startup menu that allows the user to choose an operating system or examine and edit startup parameters. After a menu entry is chosen and optional parameters are given, GRUB loads the linux kernel into memory and passes control to it.
The run-level is usually changed using the init command, runlevel 1 or S will boot into single-user mode. Boot-loader options can be changed during startup before the execution of the kernel. In FreeBSD and DragonFly BSD it can be changed before rebooting the system with the command nextboot -o "-s" -k kernel , and its bootloader offers the ...
Set the options for a terminal Version 2 AT&T UNIX tabs: Misc Mandatory Set terminal tabs PWB UNIX tail: Text processing Mandatory Copy the last part of a file PWB UNIX [citation needed] talk: Misc Optional (UP) Talk to another user 4.2BSD tee: Shell programming Mandatory Duplicate the standard output: Version 5 AT&T UNIX test: Shell ...
sysv-rc-conf, a TUI utility that selects which SysV-style init scripts will be run in each runlevel. When compared to its predecessors, AT&T's UNIX System III introduced a new style of system startup configuration, [9] which survived (with modifications) into UNIX System V and is therefore called the "SysV-style init".
When debugging a concurrent and distributed system of systems, a bootloop (also written boot loop or boot-loop) is a diagnostic condition of an erroneous state that occurs on computing devices; when those devices repeatedly fail to complete the booting process and restart before a boot sequence is finished, a restart might prevent a user from ...