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In the deck-type bridge, a wood, steel or reinforced concrete bridge deck is supported on top of two or more plate girders, and may act compositely with them. In the case of railroad bridges, the railroad ties themselves may form the bridge deck, or the deck may support ballast on which the track is laid.
A rolled steel girder is a girder that has been fabricated by rolling a blank cylinder of steel through a series of dies to create the desired shape. These create standardized I-beam and wide flange beam [7] shapes up to 100 feet in length. A plate girder is a girder that has been fabricated by welding plates together to create the desired ...
[1]: 149 At the time, reinforced concrete was commonly used in bridge design [2] but the superstructure was designed with bearings on the substructure. [1]: 149 In concrete rigid-frame design, there are no bearings. Instead the superstructure is cast monolithically with the substructure and the entire bridge from deck to footing is continuous.
The concrete elements may be reinforced or prestressed. Such modern bridges include girder , plate girder , and box girder bridges, all types of beam bridges. Types of construction could include having many beams side by side with a deck across the top of them, to a main beam either side supporting a deck between them.
A grid deck uses beams and diaphragms as the supporting structure. The supporting system of a grid deck is analyzed using a grillage analysis. A slab deck is one where the deck is analyzed as a plate. If the slab has a stiffness that is different in two directions (at right angles), then the deck is known and analyzed as an orthotropic deck.
Diagram of double tee beam. A double tee or double-T beam is a load-bearing structure that resembles two T-beams connected to each other side by side. The strong bond of the flange (horizontal section) and the two webs (vertical members, also known as stems) creates a structure that is capable of withstanding high loads while having a long span.
In practice, to overcome the decrease in workability of the concrete due to low E/C ratios, superplasticizers are used to deflocculate the fines (cement, mineral additions, ultra-fines). [9] [10] [11] The composition of the HPC80 concrete used for the Elorn Bridge was as follows: [12] Saint-Vigor CPA HP PM cement: 150 kg/m3; Saint-Renan 0/4 ...
The same structural effects are also true of the concrete slab in a composite girder bridge, but the steel orthotropic deck is considerably lighter, and therefore allows longer span bridges to be more efficiently designed. Resistance to use of an orthotropic deck relates mainly to its cost of fabrication, due to the amount of welding involved.
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