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These letters form the third and fourth characters of a full GEOREF coordinate. Four letters thus identify any 1-degree quadrangle in the world. Each of the 1-degree quadrangles is further subdivided into 60 1-minute longitude zones, numbered 00 through 59 from west to east, and 60 1-minute latitude bands, numbered 00 to 59 from south to north.
[2] Charting a world map requires global knowledge of the Earth, its oceans, and its continents. From prehistory through the Middle Ages , creating an accurate world map would have been impossible because less than half of Earth's coastlines and only a small fraction of its continental interiors were known to any culture.
The WGS 84 datum surface is an oblate spheroid with equatorial radius a = 6 378 137 m at the equator and flattening f = 1 ⁄ 298.257 223 563. The refined value of the WGS 84 gravitational constant (mass of Earth's atmosphere included) is GM = 3.986 004 418 × 10 14 m 3 /s 2. The angular velocity of the Earth is defined to be ω = 72.921 15 × ...
Tabula Peutingeriana (section of a modern facsimile), top to bottom: Dalmatian coast, Adriatic Sea, southern Italy, Sicily, African Mediterranean coast. Tabula Peutingeriana (Latin for 'The Peutinger Map'), also referred to as Peutinger's Tabula, [1] Peutinger tables [2] or Peutinger Table, is an illustrated itinerarium (ancient Roman road map) showing the layout of the cursus publicus, the ...
Toggle the table of contents. List of online map services. 1 language Add topic ... 3.9 Czech Republic. 3.10 Egypt. 3.11 Estonia. 3.12 European Union. 3.13 France. 3. ...
By using narrow zones of 6° of longitude (up to 668 km) in width, and reducing the scale factor along the central meridian to 0.9996 (a reduction of 1:2500), the amount of distortion is held below 1 part in 1,000 inside each zone. Distortion of scale increases to 1.0010 at the zone boundaries along the equator.
A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm. Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of the melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age, but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm. These changes are insignificant if a regional datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. [13]
For example, a Mercator map printed in a book might have an equatorial width of 13.4 cm corresponding to a globe radius of 2.13 cm and an RF of approximately 1 / 300M (M is used as an abbreviation for 1,000,000 in writing an RF) whereas Mercator's original 1569 map has a width of 198 cm corresponding to a globe radius of 31.5 cm and an ...