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The order in probability notation is used in probability theory and statistical theory in direct parallel to the big-O notation that is standard in mathematics.Where the big-O notation deals with the convergence of sequences or sets of ordinary numbers, the order in probability notation deals with convergence of sets of random variables, where convergence is in the sense of convergence in ...
where E is the expected value operator. Notably, correlation is dimensionless while covariance is in units obtained by multiplying the units of the two variables. If Y always takes on the same values as X, we have the covariance of a variable with itself (i.e. ), which is called the variance and is more commonly denoted as the square of the ...
Constant term. In mathematics, a constant term (sometimes referred to as a free term) is a term in an algebraic expression that does not contain any variables and therefore is constant. For example, in the quadratic polynomial, The number 3 is a constant term. [1]
Complete field. In mathematics, a complete field is a field equipped with a metric and complete with respect to that metric. Basic examples include the real numbers, the complex numbers, and complete valued fields (such as the p -adic numbers).
In mathematics, a codomain or set of destination of a function is a set into which all of the output of the function is constrained to fall. It is the set Y in the notation f: X → Y. The term range is sometimes ambiguously used to refer to either the codomain or the image of a function. A codomain is part of a function f if f is defined as a ...
If there was a family tree of pastry, pies and tarts (much like pies versus cobblers) would be on the same delicious branch. Both start out with a bottom layer crust and then are topped with ...
Weak solution. In mathematics, a weak solution (also called a generalized solution) to an ordinary or partial differential equation is a function for which the derivatives may not all exist but which is nonetheless deemed to satisfy the equation in some precisely defined sense. There are many different definitions of weak solution, appropriate ...
between 2008 and 2012, better performance than 17% of all directors The Gary D. Cohn Stock Index From January 2008 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Gary D. Cohn joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a -40.6 percent return on your investment, compared to a -2.8 percent return from the S&P 500.