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C++ is a compiled language that can interact with low-level hardware. In the context of AI, it is particularly used for embedded systems and robotics. Libraries such as TensorFlow C++, Caffe or Shogun can be used. [1] JavaScript is widely used for web applications and can notably be executed with web browsers.
1920-1925. Wilhelm Lenz and Ernst Ising created and analyzed the Ising model (1925) [45] which can be viewed as the first artificial recurrent neural network (RNN) consisting of neuron-like threshold elements. [9] In 1972, Shun'ichi Amari made this architecture adaptive. [46][9] 1920s and 1930s.
t. e. The history of artificial intelligence (AI) began in antiquity, with myths, stories and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen. The study of logic and formal reasoning from antiquity to the present led directly to the invention of the programmable digital computer in the 1940s, a machine ...
Hans Moravec. Raj Reddy. John McCarthy (September 4, 1927 – October 24, 2011) was an American computer scientist and cognitive scientist. He was one of the founders of the discipline of artificial intelligence. [1] He co-authored the document that coined the term "artificial intelligence" (AI), developed the programming language family Lisp ...
ELIZA. ELIZA is an early natural language processing computer program developed from 1964 to 1967 [1] at MIT by Joseph Weizenbaum. [2][3] Created to explore communication between humans and machines, ELIZA simulated conversation by using a pattern matching and substitution methodology that gave users an illusion of understanding on the part of ...
Information Processing Language was the first AI language, from 1955 or 1956, and already included many of the concepts, such as list-processing and recursion, which came to be used in Lisp. McCarthy's original notation used bracketed "M-expressions" that would be translated into S-expressions.
1950s. Pioneering machine learning research is conducted using simple algorithms. 1960s. Bayesian methods are introduced for probabilistic inference in machine learning. [1] 1970s. ' AI winter ' caused by pessimism about machine learning effectiveness. 1980s.
Logic Theorist is a computer program written in 1956 by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, and Cliff Shaw. [1] It was the first program deliberately engineered to perform automated reasoning, and has been described as "the first artificial intelligence program". [1][a] Logic Theorist proved 38 of the first 52 theorems in chapter two of Whitehead ...