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  2. Bioconcentration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioconcentration

    Fugacity and BCF relate to each other in the following equation: = [6] where Z Fish is equal to the Fugacity capacity of a chemical in the fish, P Fish is equal to the density of the fish (mass/length 3), BCF is the partition coefficient between the fish and the water (length 3 /mass) and H is equal to the Henry's law constant (Length 2 /Time 2) [6]

  3. Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence-lifetime...

    Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy or FLIM is an imaging technique based on the differences in the exponential decay rate of the photon emission of a fluorophore from a sample. It can be used as an imaging technique in confocal microscopy , two-photon excitation microscopy , and multiphoton tomography.

  4. Variant Call Format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variant_Call_Format

    The Variant Call Format or VCF is a standard text file format used in bioinformatics for storing gene sequence variations. The format was developed in 2010 for the 1000 Genomes Project and has since been used by other large-scale genotyping and DNA sequencing projects. [ 1][ 2] VCF is a common output format for variant calling programs due to ...

  5. Exponential decay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_decay

    Exponential decay is a scalar multiple of the exponential distribution (i.e. the individual lifetime of each object is exponentially distributed), which has a well-known expected value. We can compute it here using integration by parts .

  6. Numeric precision in Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeric_precision_in...

    With some exceptions regarding erroneous values, infinities, and denormalized numbers, Excel calculates in double-precision floating-point format from the IEEE 754 specification [ 1] (besides numbers, Excel uses a few other data types [ 2] ). Although Excel allows display of up to 30 decimal places, its precision for any specific number is no ...

  7. Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel

    Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet editor developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android, iOS and iPadOS. It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Excel forms part of the Microsoft 365 suite of software.

  8. Kaplan–Meier estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan–Meier_estimator

    The Kaplan–Meier estimator, [ 1][ 2] also known as the product limit estimator, is a non-parametric statistic used to estimate the survival function from lifetime data. In medical research, it is often used to measure the fraction of patients living for a certain amount of time after treatment. In other fields, Kaplan–Meier estimators may ...

  9. Calculation of radiocarbon dates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculation_of_radiocarbon...

    The calculation of radiocarbon dates determines the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon (also known as carbon-14), a radioactive isotope of carbon. Radiocarbon dating methods produce data based on the ratios of different carbon isotopes in a sample that must then be further manipulated in order to ...