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14 Components of the Need Theory. The 14 components of Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory show a holistic nursing approach covering physiological, psychological, spiritual, and social needs.
This paper will explore Virginia Henderson’s theory, its origins, and its 14 basic needs. It will also explain how Henderson’s nursing need theory is used in practice and research and discuss its strengths and limitations.
The 14 basic human needs according to Henderson. 1- Breathe normally. The gaseous exchange of the body is essential for patient health and for life itself. The nurse should become familiar with the respiratory function of the person and know how to identify the possible disadvantages of this process.
The four major concepts addressed in the theory are the individual, the environment, health, and nursing. According to Henderson, individuals have basic needs that are components of health. They may require assistance to achieve health and independence, or assistance to achieve a peaceful death.
She categorized nursing activities into 14 components, based on human needs. She described the nurse's role as substitutive (doing for the person), supplementary (helping the person), complementary (working with the person), with the goal of helping the person become as independent as possible.
Virginia Henderson’s fundamental needs theory has profoundly influenced modern nursing practice, emphasizing patient-centered care and promoting independence. By addressing these fundamental needs, nurses can improve patient outcomes, enhance overall well-being, and foster a compassionate healing environment.
› Henderson coined the term “basic nursing care” to identify 14 basic needs of the patient, which include physiological, psychological, socio-cultural,spiritual, and developmental aspects.