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9. (1) Everyone is equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law. (2) Equality includes the full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedoms. To promote the achievement of equality, legislative and other measures designed to protect or advance persons, or categories of persons, disadvantaged by unfair ...
The resolution, "Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to equal rights for men and women", reads, in part: [1] Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States ...
The Section 1 of the original ERA reads, "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." [15] Section 1 of the updated Equality Amendment reads, "Women in all their diversity shall have equal rights in the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction." [10]
The United States Constitution and its amendments comprise hundreds of clauses which outline the functioning of the United States Federal Government, the political relationship between the states and the national government, and affect how the United States federal court system interprets the law.
Sections 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the Bill of Rights allude to women as equals and the basis for how they should be treated. Section 9(3) forbids discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, marital status, pregnancy, ethnicity, or culture. This is followed by Sections 10 and 11, which give the right to be treated equally and the right to life.
The need to formulate general legal principles on equality was defined on the basis of (i) acknowledging the pervasiveness of discrimination and the weaknesses in the protection of the right to equality at both international and national levels, (ii) the absence of comprehensive equality legislation in many countries around the world and the recognition that such legislation is necessary to ...
The general guarantee of equality is provided by most of the world's national constitutions, [4] but specific implementations of this guarantee vary. For example, while many constitutions guarantee equality regardless of race, [5] only a few mention the right to equality regardless of nationality. [6]
Section Nine of the Constitution of South Africa contains a guarantee of equality and a prohibition of public and private discrimination. It obliges the national government to enact legislation to prohibit discrimination, and a transitional clause required this legislation to be enacted by 4 February 2000, three years after the constitution ...