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The dynamic structure factor is most often denoted (,), where (sometimes ) is a wave vector (or wave number for isotropic materials), and a frequency (sometimes stated as energy, ). It is defined as: [ 1 ]
From knowledge of elemental structure factors, one can also measure elemental pair correlation functions. See Radial distribution function for further information. Equal-time spin–spin correlation functions are measured with neutron scattering as opposed to x-ray scattering. Neutron scattering can also yield information on pair correlations ...
In condensed matter physics and crystallography, the static structure factor (or structure factor for short) is a mathematical description of how a material scatters incident radiation. The structure factor is a critical tool in the interpretation of scattering patterns ( interference patterns ) obtained in X-ray , electron and neutron ...
The presence of multiple domains in proteins gives rise to a great deal of flexibility and mobility, leading to protein domain dynamics. [1] Domain motions can be inferred by comparing different structures of a protein (as in Database of Molecular Motions ), or they can be directly observed using spectra [ 13 ] [ 2 ] measured by neutron spin ...
A molecular dynamics simulation requires the definition of a potential function, or a description of the terms by which the particles in the simulation will interact. In chemistry and biology this is usually referred to as a force field and in materials physics as an interatomic potential.
Haefliger [1] found necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a spin structure on an oriented Riemannian manifold (M,g). The obstruction to having a spin structure is a certain element [k] of H 2 (M, Z 2) . For a spin structure the class [k] is the second Stiefel–Whitney class w 2 (M) ∈ H 2 (M, Z 2) of M.
In mathematics, a phase portrait is a geometric representation of the orbits of a dynamical system in the phase plane. Each set of initial conditions is represented by a different point or curve . Phase portraits are an invaluable tool in studying dynamical systems.
The spin magnetic moment of the electron is =, where is the spin (or intrinsic angular-momentum) vector, is the Bohr magneton, and = is the electron-spin g-factor. Here μ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\mu }}} is a negative constant multiplied by the spin , so the spin magnetic moment is antiparallel to the spin.