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  2. Proportionality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)

    The variable y is directly proportional to the variable x with proportionality constant ~0.6. The variable y is inversely proportional to the variable x with proportionality constant 1. In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio.

  3. Negative relationship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_relationship

    In statistics, there is a negative relationship or inverse relationship between two variables if higher values of one variable tend to be associated with lower values of the other. A negative relationship between two variables usually implies that the correlation between them is negative, or — what is in some contexts equivalent — that the ...

  4. Proportional reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_reasoning

    The total number of units must stay the same so the answer is 2 because 2 + 8 = 10." ... If they are directly proportional, then the values should be on a straight ...

  5. Mere addition paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mere_addition_paradox

    It states that according to some ethical theories, for any population where everyone has very high well-being, there exists a better population consisting of two groups: a significant number of people with very negative well-being, and a much larger number of people having barely positive welfare. [11]

  6. Dunbar's number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar's_number

    Dunbar's number has become of interest in anthropology, evolutionary psychology, [12] statistics, and business management.For example, developers of social software are interested in it, as they need to know the size of social networks their software needs to take into account; and in the modern military, operational psychologists seek such data to support or refute policies related to ...

  7. Positive and negative predictive values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_negative...

    The negative predictive value is defined as: = + = where a "true negative" is the event that the test makes a negative prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard, and a "false negative" is the event that the test makes a negative prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard.

  8. Direct representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_representation

    Direct representation is similar to proportional representation and STV systems in that each elected member is elected through the support of a similar number of votes but is different in that in list PR systems the number of representatives allotted to each party or political faction is roughly in proportion to the number of voters supporting ...

  9. Correlation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation

    For example, an electrical utility may produce less power on a mild day based on the correlation between electricity demand and weather. In this example, there is a causal relationship, because extreme weather causes people to use more electricity for heating or cooling.