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An urban environment refers to environments dominated by high-density residential and commercial buildings, paved surfaces, and other urban-related factors that create a unique landscape. The goal of urban ecology is to achieve a balance between human culture and the natural environment. [1][2] Urban ecology is a recent field of study compared ...
The Rural-Urban gradient is a gradient that is used to describe how Anthropocene effects affect their surroundings and how they compare to areas less affected by Anthropocene effects. Effects such as but, not limited to disturbance, change in biota, pollution, and landscape modification. [1] Mainly used in the context of ecosystem services, it ...
Urban wildlife. Urban wildlife is wildlife that can live or thrive in urban / suburban environments or around densely populated human settlements such as towns. Some urban wildlife, such as house mice, are synanthropic, ecologically associated with and even evolved to become entirely dependent on human habitats.
Peri-urban areas (also called urban space, outskirts or the hinterland) are defined by the structure resulting from the process of peri-urbanisation.It can be described as the landscape interface or ecotone between town and countryside, [2] [3] or also as the rural—urban transition zone where urban and rural uses and functions mix and often clash. [4]
Urban evolution. Urban evolution refers to the heritable genetic changes of populations in response to urban development and anthropogenic activities in urban areas. Urban evolution can be caused by mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, or evolution by natural selection. [1] Biologists have observed evolutionary change in numerous species ...
An example of the use of landscape genetics as a means to study seed dispersal, for example, involves studying the effects of traffic using motorway tunnels between inner cities and suburban area. [34] Genome wide SNP dataset and species distribution modelling are examples of computational methods used to examine different dispersal modes. [33]
Rural area. In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. [1] Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry are typically described as rural, as well as other areas lacking substantial development.
A bear with a salmon. Interspecific interactions such as predation are a key aspect of community ecology.. In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biocoenosis, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, or life assemblage.