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In chemical engineering, the Souders–Brown equation (named after Mott Souders and George Granger Brown [1] [2]) has been a tool for obtaining the maximum allowable vapor velocity in vapor–liquid separation vessels (variously called flash drums, knockout drums, knockout pots, compressor suction drums and compressor inlet drums).
Flux F through a surface, dS is the differential vector area element, n is the unit normal to the surface. Left: No flux passes in the surface, the maximum amount flows normal to the surface.
The continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), also known as vat-or backmix reactor, mixed flow reactor (MFR), or a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR), is a common model for a chemical reactor in chemical engineering and environmental engineering. A CSTR often refers to a model used to estimate the key unit operation variables when using ...
In the absence of an internal source, when the fluid is in contact with a hot surface, its molecules separate and scatter, causing the fluid to be less dense. As a consequence, the fluid is displaced while the cooler fluid gets denser and the fluid sinks. Thus, the hotter volume transfers heat towards the cooler volume of that fluid. [2]
Various authors have correlated charts and graphs for different geometries and flow conditions. For flow parallel to a plane surface, where x {\displaystyle x} is the distance from the edge and L {\displaystyle L} is the height of the boundary layer, a mean Nusselt number can be calculated using the Colburn analogy .
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The residence time of a fluid parcel is the total time that the parcel has spent inside a control volume (e.g.: a chemical reactor, a lake, a human body).The residence time of a set of parcels is quantified in terms of the frequency distribution of the residence time in the set, which is known as residence time distribution (RTD), or in terms of its average, known as mean residence time.
Barlow's formula (called "Kesselformel" [1] in German) relates the internal pressure that a pipe [2] can withstand to its dimensions and the strength of its material. This approximate formula is named after Peter Barlow , an English mathematician .