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Tick paralysis is believed to be due to toxins found in the tick's saliva that enter the bloodstream while the tick is feeding. The two ticks most commonly associated with North American tick paralysis are the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) and the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis); however, 43 tick species have been implicated in human disease around the world. [1]
Dogs and cats on the east coast of Australia commonly succumb to the tick paralysis caused by Ixodes holocyclus. A similar tick species, Ixodes cornuatus , appears to cause paralysis in Tasmania. [ 58 ]
Maine Coons are one of the affected cat breeds. [14] Tick paralysis is an acute, ascending motor paralysis that occurs in dogs and cats. [15] The cause is a neurotoxin in the saliva of certain species of adult ticks. Dermacentor species predominate as a cause in North America, while Ixodes species mainly cause the disease in Australia. [1]
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A five-year-old girl was hospitalized and suffered temporary paralysis after contracting a rare, potentially deadly condition caused by tick bites.
Tick paralysis can be life-threatening and is caused in sheep by feeding of Ixodes rubicundus of South Africa. In cattle, paralysis is caused by both Dermacentor andersoni in North America and the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus. I. holocyclus also causes paralysis in dogs and humans. [12] [13] [14]
Ixodes cornuatus, commonly known as the Tasmanian paralysis tick, is one of about 75 species of Australian tick fauna. It is found across Tasmania and Victoria. It has been responsible for several cases of envenomation in humans and the death of one cat. [1] Ixodes cornuatus has been implicated in the envenomation of cats. [2]
Many other types of ticks may feed on the cats, but the only other tick that has been shown to transmit the organism is the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) but only in a research setting. [2] [5] [10] In the past, domestic cats were thought to always die from infection so they were considered terminal hosts or "dead end hosts". [4]
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