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A Snellen chart, which is frequently used for visual acuity testing Acute visual loss is a rapid loss of the ability to see . It is caused by many ocular conditions like retinal detachment , glaucoma , macular degeneration , and giant cell arteritis , etc.
Cortical blindness refers to any partial or complete visual deficit that is caused by damage to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. Unilateral lesions can lead to homonymous hemianopias and scotomas. Bilateral lesions can cause complete cortical blindness and can sometimes be accompanied by a condition called Anton-Babinski syndrome. [26]
Age-related macular degeneration is a main cause of central blindness among the working-aged population worldwide. [6] As of 2022, it affects more than 200 million people globally with the prevalence expected to increase to 300 million people by 2040 as the proportion of elderly persons in the population increases.
There are several causes of toxic optic neuropathy. [1] Among these are: ingestion of methanol (wood alcohol), ethylene glycol (automotive antifreeze), disulfiram (used to treat chronic alcoholism), halogenated hydroquinolones (amebicidal medications), ethambutol and isoniazid (tuberculosis treatment), and antibiotics such as linezolid and chloramphenicol as well as chloroquine and the related ...
Floaters and spots are most commonly related to ageing. They are generally harmless and do not cause blindness [7] Eye flashing: characterised by bursts or streaks of light that appear in an individual's field of vision. As eye flashing may indicate impending retinal detachment, medical attention is required. [8]
Central cataracts, due to the lens clouding, disperses the light before it can reach the retina and is a common cause of hemeralopia and photoaversion in the elderly. Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), seen when certain cancers incite the production of deleterious antibodies against retinal components, may cause hemeralopia.
Man, 31, suddenly went blind. Undiagnosed and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes was to blame. Blood sugar under control. Complicated cataract sugery.
In NPCB survey (2001–2002) Corneal opacity was the 6th major cause of blindness in India, which accounts for 0.9% of total blind population. In the RAAB (Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness) survey (2006–2007) Corneal opacity including Trachoma was mentioned as the second major cause of blindness, which accounts for 6.5% of total blindness.