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In this perspective, God allowed a foreign power—Rome—to conquer Jerusalem as a punishment for Israel’s sins, which were made manifest through internal divisions and self-destructive actions. [303] The Babylonian Talmud (Gittin 55b–57a) provides an extensive narrative detailing the destruction of Jerusalem and the factors that led to it.
The siege and the conquest of Jerusalem were a disaster for the Hasmonean Kingdom. Pompey reinstated Hyrcanus II as the High Priest but stripped him of his royal title. However, Rome later recognised him as an ethnarch in 47 BC. [17] Judea remained autonomous but was obliged to pay tribute and became dependent on the Roman administration in Syria.
Herod the Great's siege of Jerusalem (37 or 36 BC) [i] was the final step in his campaign to secure the throne of Judea. Aided by Roman forces provided by Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony), Herod was able to capture the city and depose Antigonus II Mattathias, ending Hasmonean rule. The siege appears in the writings of Josephus and Dio Cassius. [4]
Jerusalem becomes part of the Jund Filastin province of the Arab Caliphate. 638: The Armenian Apostolic Church began appointing its own bishop in Jerusalem. 661: Mu'awiya I is ordained as Caliph of the Islamic world in Jerusalem following the assassination of Ali in Kufa, ending the First Fitna and marking the beginning of the Umayyad Empire.
In 63 BCE Pompey and the Roman army arrived in Jerusalem, besieged the Temple and then took it by storm, bringing an end to Jewish sovereignty. In 40 BCE, the Roman Senate granted Herod, Antipater's son, the title of King of Judea. Aided by Roman troops, Herod took Jerusalem from Antigonus II Mattathias, ending Hasmoean rule. [35]
Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE): The Roman general Titus breached the walls of Jerusalem, sacked the city and destroyed the Second Temple. AD 71: Roman conquest of Britain: Roman forces entered modern Scotland. AD 73: 16 April: Siege of Masada: Roman forces breached the walls of Masada, a mountain fortress held by the Jewish extremist sect the ...
Judaea, an independent state under the Hasmonean dynasty, was conquered by the Roman Republic in 63 BCE. [6] [7] At the time, it was embroiled in a civil war between Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II, sons of Queen Salome Alexandra, both vying for the throne. [8] [9] Roman general Pompey intervened, besieging and capturing Jerusalem.
The First Jewish-Roman War ended with the devastating siege and destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE, including the burning of the Second Temple—the center of Jewish religious and national life. Roman forces destroyed other towns and villages throughout Judaea, causing massive loss of life and displacement of the population. [ 12 ]